MUHAMMAD ADIL AMAN (York St John University, London Campus, UK)
ABSTRACT
This literature review is meant to analyze different methodologies of crosscultural approaches to project management leadership which fit in with a certain stage of the project management cycle. The review comprises a comprehensive search strategy through multiple databases including Google Scholar, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore with keywords like cross-cultural leadership and project management. The inclusion criteria were as follows: studies published from 2017 onwards or later, written in English, and dealing with cross-cultural leadership in project management. The study emphasizes cultural intelligence, good communication, and trust-building as core elements of effective crosscultural leadership. The leadership styles of transformational and servant leadership were found to be very effective in multicultural contexts. The researchers also talk about balancing vertical and horizontal leadership lines. The research outcomes contribute to theory as well as practice, confirming the need for capacity building in cultural competencies and leadership that can adapt efficiently to cope with cultural diversity to attain optimal project outcomes.